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| Illustration of Atomic Structure Source of picture: csengineermag.com |
It is almost impossible to find the way to calculate volume of atom accurately. Nevertheless, in this article we will discuss about how to compute volume of atom, of course with accurate value.
The parts we must pay attention to are internal pressure and thickness of valency skin. Internal pressure relies on number of particles contained in the atom. Scientists have invent something about thickness of valency skin where one element has different of this variable from another element. The more the number of particles an atom has, the higher the internal pressure, the thicker the valency skin of it because it will 'adapt' with atomic environment conditions (pressure) which is baring the content of atom so it becomes thicker.
At standard circumstance (air pressure 1 atm and temperature of 300 K), the formula of atom volume can be expressed as:
Firstly, we search the value of inside volume of atom with above equation. n here is atomic number.
The second step is seeking for width of valency skin and then put together these numbers as the last digits of volume of atom value.
QUESTION EXAMPLE:
What is the volume of calcium atom?
Answer:
n of calcium atom is 20.
(i) Vi.atom = nprotons + 0.5nneutrons+ 0.325nelectrons
= 20 + 0.5(13)+ 0.325(20)
= 20 + 6.5 + 6.5
= 33
(ii) Wvs = n
100
= 20
100
= 0.2
Next step, we add the width of valency skin as the last digit to inside volume of atom.
So, the volume of calcium atom is 33.2 picometer cubic.
Note that it is can only be used to count atoms which have neutrons.
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